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英国集装箱藏尸案被曝死者可能部分来自越南，已有14个越南家庭报案称家庭成员疑似在英国失踪。英国广播公司(BBC)26日报道称，在重重谜团的背后，可能是人均单次可达近4万英镑(约合35万元人民币)的偷渡费用。

It has been estimated that networks from Vietnam are smuggling around 18,000 people a year to Europe, but fewer than 1,000 a year to the United States.
According to the UN, Vietnamese migrants may have generated $300m (?234m) a year for smugglers to take them to Europe.
Ms Vu, an expert on anti-trafficking in Vietnam from Ho Chi Minh City, says prospective migrants can pay a range of prices. For those with less money - $10,000 to $15,000 (?7,800 to ?11,600) - the journey is "more arduous" and could, for example, include stints of walking across forests at night.
But those who can afford to pay more - $40,000 to $50,000 (?31,000 to ?39,000) - would travel mostly by plane.
英国广播公司(BBC)26日报道称，每年有约1.8万越南人偷渡到欧洲，目的是挣钱养家。根据联合国数据，越南移民每年付给人口走私犯的钱可能达到2.34亿英镑(约合21亿元人民币)。反人口贩卖专家武女士(Mimi Vu)介绍，偷渡费用因人而异。对于没什么钱的人来说，费用大致在7800~11600英镑左右(约7万~10万元人民币)，而这个“价位”的旅途会“更艰辛”，甚至可能会涉及夜间徒步穿越丛林;但较为富裕的人则可申请申根签证借道巴黎，大多是乘坐飞机，花费约在3万到3.9万英镑(约合27万~35万元人民币)。
"But no matter what kind of 'class' of travel you choose, you are still going to end up at a border and still going to be snuck in in the back of a lorry or on a ferry," Ms Vu says.
In fact, China, together with France, Russia, Germany and Poland, are among the common transit countries for Vietnamese migrants who attempt to travel to the UK.
Many may stop in these transit countries, such as Ukraine or Poland, where they are asked to work in exploitative conditions to either finance the next leg of their journey or make money for their traffickers.
The last leg of the journey is likely from France. Here, people could pay a smuggler to be hidden in a secret compartment of a truck, or hide themselves in a truck close to the harbour without the driver noticing.
“但不管选择哪个‘级别’的‘服务’，你最后都只能躲在卡车或渡船里。”武女士介绍，有些越南人会选择途经中国、俄罗斯、波兰、法国、德国等国，甚至可能停留在“中转国”打工挣下一段路的旅费，或是为走私犯挣钱。而最后一站往往选在法国，偷渡客可以付钱让走私犯将他们藏在卡车货箱中而不被司机发现。

A sum of ?30,000 is the equivalent of 30 years' salary for someone living in a rural area in Vietnam, Ms Vu says.
It's "an astronomical sum", she adds, but some families believe it is worth it "because they believe this is the best way for them or their child to have a better future".
"Vietnam is a very family-centric culture and everything is done for the family."
“越南有着非常以家族为中心的文化，一切都是为了家人。”武女士表示，3万英镑相当于一名越南农民30年的收入，是个“天文数字”。为了支付这笔巨款，许多越南家庭甚至不惜变卖家产或借债。但他们相信这笔钱是值得的，“因为这可能是他们小孩争取光明前途的最佳途径。”

According to the UN, while the country has enjoyed significant reductions in poverty at a national level, it is unequal across population groups and regions.
"Most of the migrants who go to Europe and the UK from Vietnam actually only come from a handful of provinces in Vietnam," says Mimi Vu, an expert on anti-trafficking in Vietnam from Ho Chi Minh City.
Once they're in the UK, there is high demand for low-skilled labour in Vietnamese restaurants, nail salons and the illicit cannabis industry.
BBC称，尽管越南经济发展迅速，总体减贫效果显著，但地区间的发展仍不均衡，存在巨大的劳动力过剩。武女士介绍说，“实际上，在从越南去往欧洲和英国的移民中，大多数都来自数得过来的几个省份”，而这些地区在过去数十年中一直有移民海外挣钱养家的传统。但是在英国，越南餐厅、美甲沙龙和非法大麻种植业等行业都对越南低端劳动力有着很大的需求。

For Vietnamese migrants, the UK is probably the most popular destination in Europe, says Dr Tamsin Barber, a lecturer in political sociology at Oxford-Brookes University, who specialises in migration and the British-Vietnamese population.
They know if they come to the UK they're likely to be able to secure work and possibly quite a lot of money to send back to their families in Vietnam, she says.
There's also a wide network of Vietnamese people who are already in the UK who can help newcomers with accommodation and employment.
Dr Barber adds, "there is - at the moment - no legal route in for low-skilled Vietnamese migrants working in the UK, so this is obviously having to be done through very circuitous and precarious journeys".
关于越南人为什么选择英国，牛津布鲁克斯大学政治社会学讲师塔姆辛?巴伯博士分析称，一方面偷渡者知道他们在英国很有可能会找到工作，还能寄钱回老家;另一方面，已经在英国工作生活的越南人可以在住宿和就业上提供帮助，他们已经形成了庞大的人脉网络。但是“对于越南低端劳动者，目前并没有合法的工作居留渠道”，偷渡是他们眼中“在海外挣钱的唯一机会”。
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